The deoxygenated blood (mixed venous blood) bypasses the ventilated alveoli and mixes with oxygenated blood that has flowed through the ventilated alveoli, consequently leading to a reduction in arterial blood content. Shunt is defined as the persistence of hypoxemia despite 100% oxygen inhalation. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is a powerful reflex that increases the PVR of the hypoxic lung and the atelectatic lung, diverting blood to the well-oxygenated areas of lung. Improvement of the shunt fraction can be accomplished by decreasing blood flow or supplying O 2 to the nondependent lung. What is the treatment for an intrapulmonary shunt? The commonest causes are alveolar filling (with pus, oedema, blood or tumour) and atelectasis, fig 3. Intra-pulmonary Shunt occurs when blood is transported through the lungs without taking part in gas exchange.
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